WinMeterの後継ソフトがついにできあがったんですね。おめでとうございます！WinMeterをずっと使ってきたので後継ソフトを今か今かと楽しみにしていました♪
　早速使ってみました。WinMeterの頃のように問題なく動いています。まだ、新しい機能を使いこなしていませんが、これから使ってみようと思っています。

　最後に、スキンについて要望です。miniminiのスキンを好んで使っていますが、その表示の順番についてです。MEMの位置とCPUの位置を入れ替えたバージョンを作ってはいただけませんか？CPUが一番はじめに表示されるとうれしいのですが。もし、よかったらご検討下さい。
　すばらしいソフトをありがとうございます。これからもバージョンアップよろしくお願いします♪

私のソフトを使っていただきありがとうございます。
miniminiをアクア風にして、ＣＰＵとＭＥＭを入れ替えたスキンを付属したDeskBoxを公開しました。メール数や、メールの内容の確認などもできます。是非使ってみてください。

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I'd say if you can afford Henne's turnovers against Cleveland, start him for the yards and two touchdown passes. The Browns give up 237.2 pass yards per game and have surrendered 19 TD passes, but also have made 15 interceptions. Mark Sanchez had 299 passing yards on the Browns a couple weeks ago, and Henne is more than capable of matching that - even with Brandon Marshall inactive. Plus, the weather forecast is calling for 18mph winds in Baltimore at game time for the Steelers. That calls for a slugfest on the ground with Pitt. and the Ravens.From Linda: "Big Ben or Mark Sanchez?"Mr. Fantastic: Linda, though Sanchez is on the road, he's shown that in the second half, his yards will begin to tick up and up as he targets Santonio Holmes in the clutch. The Patriots have the league's worst-rated pass defense. Plus, even though the Jets will try to emphasize the run, New England's strong rush D will force Sanchez to move the ball through the air. Since Sanchez is a lock to play four quarters in what should be a close game, he's the start over Roflsburger (see?! I'm loving this).From Nick: "Big Ben or Carson Palmer?"Mr. Fantastic: Ughh. Nick, I do NOT envy your dilemma here. I was hoping I'd get out of this Q&A without having to face such a difficult decision, but I guess it was inevitable someone would have two potentially strong - and perhaps equally as risky - AFC North QBs. Part of me wants to say Roethlisberger since the Ravens' D will surrender some yards as long as he stays in the game. But 18mph winds will make passing difficult. Another part of me wants to say Palmer, but the forecast in Cincy is calling for snow through Saturday into Sunday. It is going to be freezing cold and slippery. The deciding factor is that, in addition to the weather, New Orleans is ranked No. 3 against the pass and has given up just seven TD passes (with seven INTs). While Palmer had 292 yards, two TDs and three INTs against the No. 6-ranked Colts pass D in Week 10, he has just five TDs and seven INTs in his last three games. Plus, it's difficult to trust him in the snow. It may not be out of the question for him to replicate his horrendous 135-yard Thanksgiving performance against the Jets. Start Big Ben.* * *We've now entered the point of the fantasy season when every small lineup decision can be the difference between playing one more week or packing it in until 2011 - if the NFL and NFLPA agree to a new collective bargaining agreement, that is. Now's the time of year when you rely on your horses and make those one or two tweaks to send your team over the top.QUARTERBACKSStart ’em Sam Bradford (Rams) at Cardinals: Bradford has been a solid start the last four games, and this week should be no different. Over the last five games, he’s thrown just one pick while averaging 2 TDs. Expect Bradford to put up those same numbers this week against the Cardinals’ ugly pass defense (25th-ranked).Others to start: Matt Cassel (Chiefs) vs. Broncos; Aaron Rodgers (Packers) vs. 49ers; Drew Brees (Saints) at Bengals; Jay Cutler (Bears) at Lions; Jon Kitna (Cowboys) at Colts; Peyton Manning (Colts) vs. Cowboys.Sleeper Mark Sanchez (Jets) at Patriots: All in the numbers. In the Jets’ 28-14 Week 2 win over the Patriots, Sanchez threw for 220 yards and 3 TDs. Since then, Sanchez has had some even better second halves, and that’s when QBs seem to step it up on the league’s worst-rated pass defense in New England, although the Pats are still opportunistic and can turn the ball over. Expect at least 2 TDs, maybe even another rushing.Bench ’em Matt Ryan (Falcons) at Bucs: Oh, Ryan will throw a TD pass (probably to Roddy White), but on the road against a strong pass defense, expect Atlanta to use a lot of Michael Turner (107 yards and TDs against Bucs in Week 9) and some Jason Snelling against the league’s 27th-ranked run defense.Others to bench: Carson Palmer (Bengals) vs. Saints; Donovan McNabb (Redskins) at Giants; Jason Campbell (Raiders) at Chargers; Jimmy Clausen (Panthers) at Seahawks; Drew Stanton (Lions) vs. Bears; Chad Henne (Dolphins) vs. Browns.RUNNING BACKSStart ‘emJamaal Charles (Chiefs) vs. Broncos: Kansas City ran the ball 42 times against Seattle in Week 12, and Charles had 22 carries for 173 yards (7.9 yards per carry, after averaging 7.3 the week before). Don’t be scared by his 14 rushes for 41 yards in Week 10 against Denver. The Chiefs uncharacteristically fell behind big early and were forced to throw on the road. They may not stop Kyle Orton this Sunday, but they’ll keep pace at home, and Charles - a weapon they’ve used selectively this season - is now being unleashed, healthy, as Kansas City guns for a playoff spot.Others to start: Steven Jackson (Rams) at Cardinals, Michael Turner (Falcons) at Bucs, Peyton Hillis (Browns) at Dolphins, Maurice Jones-Drew (Jaguars) at Titans. Starts To MonitorAdrian Peterson/Toby Gerhart (Vikings) at Bills: Minnesota coach Leslie Frazier is “optimistic” about Peterson’s status for Sunday, . Keep Gerhart on hand well into Sunday morning and be ready in case Peterson is downgraded, but it’s looking more and more like AP is going to get the start despite last Sunday’s ankle sprain. Ryan Mathews/Mike Tolbert (Chargers) vs. Raiders: The San Diego Union-Tribune’s Kevin Acee reports Mathews says he’s feeling “fast and strong” and . Tolbert missed practice on both Wednesday and Thursday with a bruised hand but returned Friday and looks like he's ready to go, despite being listed as questionable. At the least, the two backs will share carries, though Norv Turner would like Tolbert to be the No. 1. Count on a start and goal line carries from Tolbert. Meanwhile, owners who drafted Mathews high may get a surprise Week 13 burst in their lineup.Reggie Bush/Chris Ivory/Julius Jones/Pierre Thomas (Saints) vs. Bengals: New Orleans coach Sean Payton . You know what that means - run, run, run, screen pass, run on the play chart. Bush’s workload is , so he’s most likely your start against the Bungles on Sunday. Ivory, though, should continue getting the goal line looks, so start him in touchdown leagues. Jones may become the odd man out even though he led the Saints in carries last week, and Thomas says he’s starting to feel better but is only listed as questionable. He’ll be a game-time decision Sunday, so we wouldn’t start him until Week 14 at the earliest.SleepersMike Goodson (Panthers) at Seahawks: Jonathan Stewart also is a sleeper start against the 22nd ranked Seattle run defense, but Goodson gets the nod as Carolina’s primary start at running back due to his touchdown and eight catches for 81 yards to Stewart’s zero receptions against the Browns.Tashard Choice (Cowboys) at Colts: Marion Barber is out with a calf injury, and Felix Jones - despite his recent production as a receiver - has only rushed for more than 51 yards in a game once this season (in Week 5). Choice should shine on the ground and may become the goal line option.Bench ‘emMaurice Morris (Lions) vs. Bears: It’s really a shame Morris draws the Bears in Week 13. Fantasy owners who were ahead of the game picking Morris off waivers have benefitted the past few weeks, but now, when they need him most in the first round of the playoffs or final week of the regular season, he faces the NFL’s second-best rush defense in Chicago (80.5 yards allowed per game). Drew Stanton is starting at quarterback for Detroit in place of the injured Shaun Hill, which will further hamper the offense.Others to bench: Fred Jackson (Bills) at Vikings, Redskins running backs at Giants, Knowshon Moreno (Broncos) at Chiefs, LeGarrette Blount (Bucs) vs. Falcons.WIDE RECEIVERS Start ’em Brandon Lloyd (Broncos) at Chiefs: One of the fantasy MVPs at WR this season, Lloyd has five TDs in his last three games - two of them coming in Week 10 against the Chiefs. The Broncos will need to air it out to try to keep up with the hot Chiefs passing game and duplicate their 49-29 result in Week 10.Others to start: Dwayne Bowe (Chiefs) vs. Broncos; Roddy White (Falcons) at Bucs; Greg Jennings (Packers) vs. 49ers; Reggie Wayne (Colts) vs. Cowboys; Mario Manningham (Giants) vs. Redskins; Dez Bryant (Cowboys) at Colts.Sleeper Danario Alexander (Rams) at Cardinals: He appears to be a bit brittle with a nagging knee injury, but the undrafted free agent out of Missouri is emerging as one of Sam Bradford’s favorite targets when he’s healthy enough to make it on the field. Look for him to get roughly six or more targets this week and perhaps sniff the end zone.Bench ’em Deion Branch (Patriots) vs. Jets: Tom Brady will do his best to target Branch, but the Jets will be focused on limiting Branch and Wes Welker’s receptions this week. Branch may not see a lot of Darrelle Revis, but that means he’ll face a lot of matchups with Antonio Cromartie. That’s like pitting 1 vs. 1A.Others to bench: Chad Ochocinco (Bengals) vs. Saints; Steve Smith (Panthers) at Seahawks); Malcom Floyd (Chargers) vs. Raiders; Calvin Johnson (Lions) vs. Bears; Mike Williams (Bucs) vs. Falcons; Steve Breaston (Cardinals) vs. Rams.TIGHT ENDSStart ‘emMarcedes Lewis (Jaguars) at Titans: Tennessee has given up 11 or more fantasy points to tight ends in five games, and that includes three weeks of 13 or more points in the past four. San Diego tight ends had 123 yards and a TD in Week 8, Miami’s TEs had 107 yards and a score in Week 10, and Washington tight ends caught nine balls for 135 yards in Week 11. While the Chargers’ Antonio Gates is this season’s top scoring tight end, Lewis is the best fantasy tight end still completely healthy.Others to start: Visanthe Shiancoe (Vikings) vs. Bills, Greg Olsen (Bears), Todd Heap (Ravens) vs. Steelers, Billy Bajema (Rams) at Cardinals, Jeremy Shockey (Saints) at Bengals.SleeperTony Moeaki (Chiefs) vs. Broncos: I know Moeaki has been a bum lately. He caught his first touchdown since Week 3 against the Seahawks on Sunday. He only has two catches in his past two games played. And he had just one catch for 34 yards against the Broncos in Week 10. Still, Denver allowed three TDs to tight ends last week against St. Louis - the Rams clearly are onto something. Don’t think Charlie Weis and the offensive brain trust in KC didn’t take notice.Bench ‘emJason Witten (Cowboys) at Colts: Indianapolis has the top defense against tight ends in the NFL, and Dallas is the defense Peyton Manning needs to face to get back on track and control the ball and clock, keeping Dallas’ O off the field. Owners likely will be pressed into starting Witten anyway, since he’s been one of this season’s most consistent fantasy players at the position and you must ride your starters in the late weeks and playoffs. But this is a bad matchup for Witten at such a high stakes point in the season.Others to bench: Brandon Pettigrew (Lions) vs. Bears, Dustin Keller (Jets) at Patriots, Jermaine Gresham (Bengals) vs. Saints.KICKERSStart ’emLawrence Tynes (Giants) vs. Redskins: If last week was any indication, opportunities for FG attempts will be there for Tynes in a December game in East Rutherford, N.J. Eli Manning will be missing favorite targets Hakeem Nicks (a TD machine) and Steve Smith, so expect Big Blue to move the ball between the chains quite a bit and give Tynes at least three shots at scoring big this week.Others to start: Garrett Hartley (Saints) at Bengals; Dan Carpenter (Dolphins) vs. Browns; Ryan Longwell (Vikings) vs. Bills; Nate Kaeding (Chargers) vs. Raiders; Shayne Graham (Patriots) vs. Jets.Sleeper Billy Cundiff (Ravens) vs. Steelers: In a normally tough AFC North battle, FGs should be vital, and I give the nod to Cundiff over Shaun Suisham just due to the comforts of home. This could be a 23-20 game, with the winning kicker scoring three FGs.Bench ‘em Mason Crosby (Packers) vs. 49ers: The Packers will score close to 30 points, but mostly by TDs, leaving Crosby with a few extra points and not much else to show for it.Others to bench: Clint Stitser (Bengals) vs. Saints; David Buehler (Cowboys) at Colts; Connor Barth (Bucs) vs. Falcons; Joe Nedney (49ers) at Packers; Nick Folk (Jets) at Patriots.DEFENSESStart ‘emBears (at Lions): Third-string QB Drew Stanton is starting for Detroit, and Chicago’s defense just roughed up Michael Vick and the Philadelphia Eagles. Any questions?Others to start: Packers (vs. 49ers), Chargers (vs. Raiders), Rams (at Cardinals).SleeperVikings (vs. Bills): Minnesota held Washington to 29 yards rushing last week, with interim head coach Leslie Frazier emphasizing stopping the run on D and limiting turnovers on O. The Vikings defense won’t completely stop Ryan Fitzpatrick and Steve Johnson, but they’ll out-tough Buffalo and force a few turnovers to compile a solid week.Bench ‘emJets (at Patriots): This benching doesn’t mean we think Gang Green has the worst defensive matchup of the week. It’s just that no one is stopping New England, and this game is more likely to have a 24-21 final than a 13-10 result. Tom Brady has thrown 13 touchdowns and no interceptions in his last six games. Granted, the Jets did pick him off twice in Week 2. But with the Patriots likely to top 20 points in this one and Brady on fire, it’s best for the Jets to sit this one out.Others to bench: Buccaneers (Falcons), Chiefs (vs. Broncos), Raiders (at Chargers).Got a fantasy football question? E-mail or or find us on Twitter at and . All relevant parties have thrown cold water on the trade speculation surrounding Steelers .

On the new-look Yankees:“I know there's going to be a lot of good things coming out of the New York Yankees, with the signings of Ellsbury, McCann and myself, and the players that we have, I believe we have a good team to go all the way. I believe in that. We just have to go out there and perform in the field and do it ourselves. More importantly, we believe we have the players who have the character.”

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Arkham City is nearly five times larger than the original game’s Arkham Island, and that makes it the perfect forum to show off many of Batman’s new moves. This game’s Batman uses a gliding ability and that trusty Bat-grappling hook to get around the city in almost Spiderman-esque fashion, and he’s still plenty fluid in combat.

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It’s another beautiful autumn afternoon at Belmont Park for today’s 11-race card featuring the Matron Stakes and the Futurity.

Newark Mayor Cory Booker praised HelpUSA chair Maria Cuomo Cole, who is set to open veteran housing in Brooklyn this month and who last week opened HELP's 30th facility in the U.S. in Booker's city.

Critics charged that it was an obvious effort to help the Working Families Party survive if Democrat Andrew Cuomo refused to accept their ballot line. Cuomo has been under pressure to decline the party's nomination because of a criminal probe, and its ties to major labor unions and special interests.

WGBF brand manager Mike Sanders that the article is meant to be satirical.

Churchgoers then wrestled him to the ground as he brandished a knife, said Director Larry Trent. Winters later died of his injuries.

He also reportedly assured her that the entertainment community can be "supportive" for people who "make a real effort" to stay clean.

(Reporting by Thomas Seythal; Editing by Madeline Chambers and Mike Collett-White)

“The challenges we face have been decades in the making,” he said. “And the problems we set out to address will not be solved overnight.”

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"I fancied my chances," the 33-year-old Welshman told the BBC. "I'm disappointed. In my last Olympics, it would have been nice to make the final, but it wasn't to be.

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Attempt missed. Victor Anichebe (West Bromwich Albion) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by James Morrison.

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(Touchstone Pictures)

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10:56

"This further democratization of investing allows almost anyone to initiate a personal loan," said Mark Israel, a vice president at technology advisory firm Sapient Global Markets in Boston. "But it brings with it the new challenge of how to calculate the risk on that loan."

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56:08

From 1245 Live Premier League commentary of Stoke v Blackburn

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53:36

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15:26

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78:19

"Sometimes companies just need reassurance that they won't get stung," Purdie said.

Finding the right employees, has meant casting a wider net. As some parts of the Middle East have experienced double-digit economic growth, the company has partnered with local banks to help train their employees for a year at Deloitte before they go back to their primary bank employer. A newly-launched business plan competition across six countries in the region has helped introduce the Deloitte brand and gave winners a fast-track interview process.

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Prospects: Boss David Parker admits that last season was a transitional one for his team as they slipped back from consecutive runners-up positions in the two previous seasons. But with that in mind, he hopes his side have an advantage over other teams who have blooded new players during the winter, and beating Arsenal in the Champions League will be a huge boost to his side. Losing defender Laura Bassett and striker Rachel Williams will be a big blow to their title chances but with a crop of talented youngsters coming through such as teenager Jess Carter, supported by the more experienced trio of Karen Carney, Jade Moore and Jo Potter, Birmingham will still cause problems for the better-resourced teams.

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The attrition the Cowboys suffered in a game in which they were short-handed to start with was remarkable. When Dallas cut Washington’s lead to 21-18 in the fourth quarter, wide receivers Dez Bryant (back) and Miles Austin (ankle) were out with injuries. Linebacker DeMarcus Ware wasn’t close to his Pro Bowl self, and on the opposite side linebacker Anthony Spencer missed plays with an injury.

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Dallas began this season on the high note of ending Eli Manning’s run of victories at AT&T Stadium. As a Redskin, Robert Griffin III is just 1-for-1 here. If the Cowboys can stop that run before it becomes a streak, it’s far more significant than what took place against Denver.

Player to watch: Shockers point guard Fred VanVleet averages four assists for every turnover as the player who sets the tone.

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e3300eb16b6f8e5bae9c229bc9332b8bNEW ORLEANS ― The Cowboys lost more than a one-sided football game Sunday night. They lost any right they ever had to be called favorites in the NFC East.

Booking Gary McSheffrey (Chesterfield) is shown the yellow card.

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Carr, 26, has been with the Cowboys for one season. His best play last year was a spectacular overtime interception against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He might have been better known in Dallas before that play because of what happened to a friend from the Chiefs:

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The euro also saw a small "relief rally" on hopes that a win for one of the two main groups in the June 17 vote would mean Athens sticks to its European Union-International Monetary Fund bailout terms and stays in the currency bloc.

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Hill and one of his accomplice took Gomez-Martinez’s truck to a convenience store to steal money from his bank account with his debit card, police said.

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STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: July 12, 2014 After a string of delays cause by stormy weather, conflicts with other flights and an engine test failure, Orbital Sciences Corp. is readying an Antares rocket for launch Sunday on a voyage to deliver 1.7 tons of cargo and supplies to the International Space Station, the company's second commercial resupply mission. Photo of the Antares rocket on launch pad 0A at Wallops Flight Facility. Credit: NASA/Bill IngallsWith forecasters predicting a 90 percent chance of acceptable weather, the two-stage 133-foot-tall Antares was scheduled for launch from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport at NASA's Wallops Island Flight Facility on the Virginia coast at 12:52 p.m. EDT (GMT-4) Sunday, the opening of a five-minute launch window."We're very proud and pleased to be back here at Wallops again, conducting this operation leading up to the launch of Antares," said Frank Culbertson, a former shuttle commander who serves as Orbital's vice president and general manager of advanced programs. "We're real proud to be part of the team that is keeping the station flying and providing the crew with the cargo and research they need." Orbital engineers had hoped to launch the rocket and its company-developed Cygnus cargo ship Friday, but the flight was delayed through the weekend by severe weather that interrupted ground processing.Assuming an on-time launch Sunday, the uncrewed Cygnus capsule will reach the space station early Wednesday, pulling up to within about 30 feet and then standing by while the lab's robot arm locks on to pull it in for berthing at the Earth-facing port of the forward Harmony module.The spacecraft is loaded with 3,669 pounds of crew supplies, including food for the lab's crew, spare parts and other station hardware, science equipment, spacewalk components and computer hardware.The science equipment includes a variety of student experiments, supplies for NASA's Human Research Facility, igniters for the station's combustion test facility and a Japanese experiment that will study Marangoni convection, a type of heat transfer between solids and liquids that could lead to improvements in microgravity life support systems.Also on board: 28 small satellites -- nanosats -- built by Planet Labs of San Francisco, part of a growing fleet of "Dove" spacecraft being tested in a commercial venture to continuously photograph the Earth. Four other nanosats also are on board, including one built by NASA to test techniques for returning small experiment samples to the ground. The Orb-2 mission patch. Credit: Orbital Sciences Corp.The Cygnus spacecraft will remain attached to the station for about a month. After it is unloaded and re-packed with trash and no-longer-needed equipment, the cargo ship will be released to burn up in Earth's atmosphere. Before re-entry, Orbital flight controllers plan to test new rendezvous equipment and procedures intended to allow Cygnus capsules to remain aloft for extended periods, enabling research after the spacecraft leave the station.This will be Orbital's second operational station resupply mission -- Orb-2 -- under a $1.9 billion commercial contract with NASA calling for eight flights through 2016 to deliver some 40,000 pounds of supplies and equipment. SpaceX holds a similar $1.6 billion contract covering 12 resupply flights to deliver 44,000 pounds of cargo.SpaceX has carried out three resupply missions to date with a fourth on tap in September and a fifth in December. Orbital plans its third resupply flight in October with two more on tap next year.This week's Antares launching originally was planned for May, but the flight was delayed to early June, at NASA's request, because of conflicts with other station traffic. Then, on May 22, a first-stage engine being test fired for an Antares/Cygnus resupply flight next year suffered a catastrophic failure 30 seconds into a planned 54-second burn. The engine was destroyed, and the planned June flight was put on hold pending an investigation.The Antares first stage is powered by two AJ26 engines supplied by Aerojet Rocketdyne. The engines originally were developed for the Soviet Union's ill-fated N-1 moon rocket. When that program was cancelled after multiple launch failures, the engines were stockpiled and in the 1990s, Aerojet bought about 40 of the powerplants and modified them for use aboard U.S. rockets.The May 22 test failure "obviously sparked a very thorough investigation led by Aerojet Rocketdyne, our engine supplier, supported fully by Orbital with a lot of help by NASA," said Mike Pinkston, Orbital's Antares program manager. "That was a lengthy process and the primary source of the delay from the early part of June to where we are today."The failure investigation is not yet complete and no details have been provided to the media. But the engines scheduled for use Sunday were cleared for flight after internal boroscope inspections and a review of data collected during their own test firings earlier."We saw what we needed to see with that and with the fact that these engines successfully passed the same acceptance process, not only here in the United States, but also twice after original manufacture in Russia," Pinkston said. "They've got a lot of test time on them. We've got a lot of confidence that the two engines on Orb-2 are ready to go."Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: .John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cygnus arrives at space stationThe first privately-developed Cygnus spacecraft arrived at the International Space Station on Sept. 29 on a demonstration flight under NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services program.The Orbital Sciences Corp. spacecraft delivered about 1,300 pounds of food, supplies and experiments to the complex, but the mission's primary objective is testing the freighter's ability to routinely service the space station.Space station astronauts Karen Nyberg, Luca Parmitano and Michael Hopkins tweeted these photos of the rendezvous of Cygnus and its attachment to the outpost's Harmony module.See our for the latest news on the mission.Credit: NASA/ESACygnus cargo craft completes first operational delivery SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: January 12, 2014 DULLES, Va. -- A commercial Cygnus spaceship finished a three-day pursuit of the International Space Station on Sunday, delivering nearly 2,800 pounds of supplies, fresh fruit, experiments and gifts to reinforce the orbiting laboratory's stockpiles. The Cygnus spacecraft arrives at the International Space Station. Credit: NASA/JAXA/Koichi WakataJust a few hours after the Cygnus was firmly attached to the complex, the space station's crew opened up hatches leading to the spaceship's pressurized cabin and began unloading a potpourri of payloads.One of the first items transferred into the space station was a colony of ants, an investigation developed by the University of Colorado at Boulder for grade school students to observe the ants' behavior and compare it to how they act in colonies on the ground.Other experiments aboard the Cygnus spacecraft include a study of drug-resistant bacteria and investigations into how liquids slosh inside containers in microgravity and the behavior of fires in space.One-third of the 2,780 pounds of cargo inside the Cygnus spacecraft is classified as science and research gear, including experiments designed and proposed by students.The experiments represent the work of about 600 scientists on the ground, according to Tara Ruttley, NASA's space station program scientist. That represents the largest complement of scientific experiments delivered to the space station by any mission to date under the program's U.S. national laboratory designation.As part of an effort to reach out to younger students, 23 experiments involving 8,675 elementary, junior high and high school students in the United States and Canada were also delivered aboard the Cygnus spacecraft.And the Cygnus hauled 33 tiny CubeSats to the space station. During the spacecraft's stay, the astronauts will move the miniature satellites into the station for release in February from the Japanese Kibo laboratry using a specially-designed CubeSat deployer at the end of the Japanese robot arm.Built and operated by Orbital Sciences Corp., the 16.8-foot-long Cygnus cargo craft launched Thursday on top of an Antares rocket from Virginia's Eastern Shore. After a series of rocket burns to adjust its orbit, the Cygnus closed in on the space station early Sunday guided by GPS and laser navigation data.The spaceship held its approach just 30 feet below the complex, close enough for astronaut Mike Hopkins to use the space station's Canadian-built robot arm to snag the free-flying Cygnus resupply vessel at 6:08 a.m. EST (1108 GMT) and move it to a connecting port on the outpost's Harmony module."The ground crew and Orbital just did amazing job," Hopkins said. "The vehicle itself was just as solid as it could be."At 12:17 p.m. EST (1717 GMT), the crew opened up hatches leading into the Cygnus spacecraft to begin unpacking.For Orbital Sciences, it marked the first of eight cargo deliveries under a $1.9 billion contract with NASA, which turned to the private sector to resupply the space station after the space shuttle's retirement. NASA also has a resupply contract with SpaceX.Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: .STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cygnus launch cargoSPACEFLIGHT NOW

Posted: April 18, 2006T-00:00LiftoffThe Delta 2 rocket's main engine and twin vernier steering thrusters are started moments before launch. The four ground-start strap-on solid rocket motors are ignited at T-0 to begin the mission.T+01:04.7Ground SRM BurnoutThe ground-start Alliant TechSystems-built solid rocket motors consume all their propellant and burn out.T+01:22.5Jettison Ground SRMsThe spent solid rocket boosters are jettisoned to fall into the Pacific Ocean. The spent casings remained attached until the vehicle passed into preset drop zone, clear of offshore oil platforms.T+04:26.4Main Engine CutoffAfter consuming its RP-1 fuel and liquid oxygen, the Rocketdyne RS-27A first stage main engine is shut down. The vernier engines cut off moments later.T+04:35.0Stage SeparationThe Delta rocket's first stage is separated now, having completed its job. The spent stage will fall into the Pacific Ocean.T+04:40.5Second Stage IgnitionWith the stage jettisoned, the rocket's second stage takes over. The Aerojet AJ118-K liquid-fueled engine ignites for the first of two firings needed to place the CALIPSO and CloudSat spacecraft into the proper orbit.T+04:45.0Jettison Payload FairingThe 10-foot diameter payload fairing that protected the satellites atop the Delta 2 during the atmospheric ascent is jettisoned is two halves.T+11:15.2Second Stage Cutoff 1The second stage engine shuts down to complete its first firing of the launch. The rocket and attached CALIPSO and CloudSat spacecraft spacecraft are now in a long coast period before the second stage reignites. The orbit achieved should be 434 miles at apogee, 115 miles at perigee and inclined 98.08 degrees.T+59:59.5Second Stage RestartDelta's second stage engine reignites for a short firing to raise the orbit's perigee.T+60:11.6Second Stage Cutoff 2The second stage shuts down after a 12-second burst. The orbit achieved should be 436 miles at apogee, 427 miles at perigee and inclined 98.2 degrees.T+62:24.0CALIPSO SeparationThe joint U.S. and French Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft is released from the Delta 2 rocket.T+95:19.0DPAF Jettisonthe Dual Payload Attach Fitting -- the barrel-like structure that supported CALIPSO during launch and enclosed CloudSat -- is opened up by jettisoning the top portion.T+96:39.0CloudSat SeparationNASA's CloudSat spacecraft is released from the Delta 2 rocket to complete the launch.Data source: Boeing.John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Delta 322 launch timelineSPACEFLIGHT NOW

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: June 12, 2004Seven years after launch on a four-planet gravitational bank shot covering more than 2 billion miles, NASA's $3.3 billion nuclear-powered Cassini probe - the most sophisticated robotic spacecraft ever built - has finally reached the solar system's most spectacular target: The ringed planet Saturn. An artist's concept shows the Cassini space probe at Saturn. Credit: NASA/JPLKicking off a four-year orbital study of nature's own "lord of the rings," Cassini flew past the strange moon Phoebe June 11, passing within 1,285 miles of the tiny satellite. Seen as a mere speck of light from Earth and a blurry orb from the Voyager 2 probe in 1981, Phoebe was revealed as an irregular, heavily cratered world that defies easy explanation. The Phoebe flyby was a priceless opportunity to study what may be a captured chunk of debris left over from the birth of the solar system. But it was just the opening act in one of the most scientifically rich voyages of planetary exploration ever attempted. "It is really, truly the flagship mission of our time," said Carolyn Porco, chief of Cassini's imaging team and an authority on Saturn's rings. "We are exploring the richest planetary system available to us with this magnificent spacecraft, which is the most sophisticated suite of instrumentation ever taken into the outer solar system. So we are going to discover many things. "And on top of all of that, Saturn is the most alluring of all the planets, it's the icon among planets and that's where we're going. ... I think that people, from the email I'm getting from the public, are very jazzed about this mission. They do very much have the feeling that they are stowaways on this spacecraft."

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: June 12, 2004 Cassini snaps a full view of Saturn and rings. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload a larger version Cassini's 12 scientific instruments fall into two broad categories: Remote sensing and fields and particles.Remote Sensing InstrumentsImaging Science Subsystem (wide- and narrow-angle cameras)Visible and Infrared Mapping SpectrometerComposite Infrared SpectrometerUltraviolet Imaging SpectrographCassini RadarRadio ScienceFields and ParticlesCassini Plasma SpectrometerIon and Neutral Mass SpectrometerCosmic Dust AnalyzerDual Technique MagnetometerMagnetospheric Imaging Mass SpectrometerRadio and Plasma Wave Science InstrumentUnlike the Voyager probes and the Galileo mission to Jupiter, Cassini's four optical remote sensing instruments are not mounted on an independently targetable scan platform. To observe a target, the entire spacecraft has to be re-oriented so the co-aligned optical instruments are properly aimed. Particles and fields instruments are mostly "scattered around the spacecraft," said Julie Webster, lead spacecraft engineer. "What they want to do is, they want to sweep out mostly 360-degree coverage. So they don't point, they roll." And that requires the entire spacecraft to roll. It all makes for an enormously complicated ballet. "On Galileo, you pointed the antenna to Earth and you just left it there," said program manager Bob Mitchell. "You had a scan platform, you had a spinning section for the fields and particles instruments, the radio science guys were always happy because the antenna was pointed to Earth and you just left it in that configuration and you let it fly and you collected data all the time. "For us, you've got four optical remote sensing instruments that want to point, if you're lucky, in the same direction. You've got six fields and particles instruments that generally want to point someplace different. ... You've got radar that wants to point off perpendicular to where the ORS (remote sensing) guys want to look. You've got an aeronomy instrument that wants to point someplace different yet and so you've got this constant tension among the different investigations about where they're going to point this thing." The science objectives for Cassini-Huygens includes Saturn and its rings, Titan and the other moons and the planet's magnetosphere. Credit: NASA/JPLOn a typical day, Cassini will spend 16 hours or so collecting data, spending part of the time in an orientation that favors optical or radar studies and part of the time doing fields and particles work. During data collection, the high-gain antenna will be pointed away from Earth and Cassini will be operating on its own. "They'll do 15 minutes of imaging of this and 15 minutes of that and maybe two hours for (a movie of Saturn's atmosphere)," Webster said. "Then, we'll go off in different places and maybe they'll do a little mosaic. Of course, the interesting ones where everybody wants to be in the act are right around the icy satellite flybys and the Titans, and they've done a lot of horse trading over the years. "So they kind of work out times so that radar can take a little bit and maybe radio science, which has to point back to Earth can take a little bit and the ORS instruments can turn and take their pictures. It's a highly choreographed scenario that they work out on a daily basis. George Balanchine doesn't have anything on us!" Engineering and science data will be stored on two 2.2-gigabyte digital recorders that also hold backup copies of flight software for use as needed. After completing the day's science observations, Cassini will re-orient itself, aim its high-gain antenna toward Earth and spend eight hours or more transmitting stored data to NASA's Deep Space Network antennas in Australia, Spain and California. When the largest dishes are used, data rates of up to 165,900 bits per second are possible, allowing scientists to receive up to four gigabytes of data per day. "I've been with this thing since it was a hunk of aluminum," Webster said in an interview. "Sometimes I take out pictures of the cabling and just marvel at the way this thing was cabled and put together. It's been a joy to fly and it was a joy to build." The remote sensing instruments will provide the spectacular pictures that will most appeal to the public. The cameras and spectrometers "will be addressing questions like what does the surface of Titan look like underneath its veil of haze? Are there craters there? Are there lakes?" project scientist Dennis Matson said before launch. "When we come close to the rings of Saturn and the surfaces of icy satellites and look at them at high resolution, what are they really going to look like? What are they composed of? What is the composition of Saturn's atmosphere? How does that composition change from one place to another across Saturn? How does it change with time?" Credit: ESAThe fields and particles instruments "consist of particle spectrometers of various types, magnetometers, radio instruments and the magnetospheric imaging instrument," Matson said. "Things this suite of instruments will address are things related to the nature of the plasma that surrounds Saturn, the nature of the magnetosphere, the characteristics of dust in the system." The magnetosphere of the planet "is a gigantic magnetic bubble that surrounds Saturn," he said. "It's very complicated, it has structure to it, there are many different neighborhoods in the magnetosphere where special processes happen. We will be visiting those places, measuring what's going on there, and for some of them we'll actually be able to take pictures of the processes as they occur. "Saturn also has a big magnetic puzzle. It's magnetic field is almost exactly aligned with its rotation axis. Our theory of magnetic dynamos says this is something that can't occur. So in the course of Cassini's measurement of the magnetic field around Saturn, we'll be addressing some fundamental questions about the nature of its magnetic field and how it arises and we'll learn some lessons. I think those lessons will turn out to be useful in terms of understanding the magnetic field here at the Earth, a place where we still do not understand why the magnetic field flips from time to time." Cassini's camera systems, of course, will provide the most spectacular results for the lay person. Several hundred thousand images are expected to be beamed back to Earth with a maximum resolution of two kilometers per pixel when looking at Saturn's rings, twice as good as images from the Voyager spacecraft. "Dynamically speaking, the ring system of Saturn shares a lot of common traits with systems as large as the spiral galaxies, which are trillions of times bigger," Porco said at a pre-launch news conference. "So in addressing questions about ring systems we are actually asking questions that are truly universal in nature." This picture of Saturn's rings was taken by the Voyager 1 spacecraft in November 1980. Credit: NASA/JPLDespite the success of the Voyager encounters, "we are still left seeking an answer to probably the most fundamental question about Saturn's rings," she continued. "And that is, how did they get there and how long will they stick around? A system of rings like Saturn's is really a collection of many, many separately orbiting particles that are always in motion and constantly changing. And for reasons we don't really understand, they collect themselves into an enormous variety of features and structures. "Some of those features we think we do understand. They seem to be dynamically related to the satellites of Saturn, both satellites embedded within the rings and those external to the rings. And if our theories are correct, the dynamical interactions between the satellites and the rings should lead to discernible changes in the orbits of both ring particles and the satellites. "So a primary objective of the imaging system is going to be to refine the orbits of those satellites and actually search for the changes that have occurred between the Voyager epoch and Cassini's arrival there. And with that, we should have a direct measurement of the rate at which the rings are evolving and extrapolating from that, a much better estimate for how long the rings have been around and even, perhaps, a prediction for how long they will stick around in the future." Scientists believe the rings formed several hundred million years ago when one or more small moons broke apart in the grip of Saturn's gravity. Another camp believes a stray Kuiper Belt Object wandered too close and was ripped to shreds. Mathematical analyses show the debris from such a wreck would quickly spread out in a vast, thin disk. Subsequent collisions and impacts ground the fragments into smaller and smaller pieces, giving birth to the rings first glimpsed by Galileo in the early 1600s. The Cassini spacecraft was named after the French astronomer Jean-Dominque Cassini, who discovered several of Saturn's moons and the broad gap in its rings that is a famous target for amateur astronomers. The European Titan probe was named after Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch scientist who discovered the cloud-shrouded moon in 1655 and who developed the first accurate theory explaining the structure of Saturn's rings. An artist's concept shows Huygens parachuting to Titan after deployment from the Cassini orbiter. Credit: EADS AstriumThroughout its four-year orbital tour, Cassini will train its instruments on Titan to supplement what the Huygens probe discovers during its descent. "What makes it most interesting is the presence of methane, which makes up a few percent of the atmospheric composition," said Jean-Pierre Lebreton, European Space Agency project scientist. "Sun rays, cosmic rays and certain energetic particles break the methane and the nitrogen, which leads to a complex photochemistry which produces complex organic molecules. When going to Titan, we are looking for answers to many questions. One is what complex organic molecules nature makes from these two simple gases, nitrogen and methane? And how complex are molecules today on Titan." The Huygens/Titan probe is equipped with six science instruments:Descent Imager/Spectral RadiometerHuygens Atmospheric Structure InstrumentAerosol Collector and PyrolyzerGas Chromatograph/Mass SpectrometerDoppler Wind ExperimentSurface Science PackageHuygens will be released from Cassini on Christmas Eve. Spinning at 7 rpm for stability, the probe will slam into the atmosphere Jan. 14 at a speed of some 12,400 mph. When the velocity has dropped to about 870 mph, Huygens' aft cover will be pulled away by a pilot chute and the spacecraft's 27-foot-wide main parachute will deploy. The chute will be jettisoned 15 minutes after entry begins and from that point on, Huygens will ride beneath a smaller 9.8-foot-wide parachute. Impact on the surface at some 11 mph is expected about two-and-a-half hours after entry begins. Assuming the 705-pound Huygens doesn't splash down in a hydrocarbon lake, "we have good confidence the probe will survive landing," said Lebreton. "The landing speed is very low and there is a very good probability the probe will survive landing and we have capability to do measurements for half an hour on the surface. During the three-hour measurement phase, the probe will transmit its data to the overflying orbiter." Huygens is shown landing on the surface of Titan in this illustration. Credit: ESAThe original flight plan called for Huygens to enter Titan's atmosphere in late November as Cassini streaked overhead at an altitude of just 746 miles. But engineers were forced to delay Huygens' arrival to January because of an issue with the radio aboard the Cassini mothership that will be used to relay data from Huygens to Earth. During a post-launch test, engineers discovered the radio receiver could not cope with the Doppler shift in the frequency of the signal coming from Huygens due to Cassini's high relative velocity. Much like the pitch of a siren changes as a police car races past a stationary observer, the frequency of radio waves can shift a significant amount if relative velocities are high enough. "Originally, the closing speed of Cassini coming up on Huygens, which is for all practical purposes sitting still once it's in the atmosphere, the closing speed was about 5.8 kilometers per second (13,000 mph)," Mitchell said in a recent interview. "And because we were coming in almost dead overhead and going off to the right at about 1,200 kilometers (746 miles) altitude." The solution was to minimize the Doppler shift by reducing the relative velocities of the two spacecraft. That was accomplished by changing Cassini's trajectory slightly and delaying Huygens' release to Christmas Eve. During the Jan. 14 descent, Cassini now will be 37,300 miles from Titan and the difference in velocity between the two spacecraft will never be more than 8,500 mph. "We have pretty solid evidence that's going to work," Mitchell said. "We did some tests where we used the Deep Space Network stations transmitting an S-band signal with telemetry modulated onto the carrier so that from the receiver's point of view on the Cassini spacecraft, it should have simulated the probe quite accurately. We adjusted the frequency, taking into account the motion of everything, so that the frequency of the received signal at the receiver should very closely if not exactly match the frequency that the receiver will see coming from Huygens." This illustration shows Cassini receiving data from Huygens for relay to scientists on Earth. Credit: ESAThe tests were successful and a potentially crippling design flaw was resolved with no significant loss of science. Lunine can hardly wait. "We ought to be able to see a pretty good panorama of the area that the Huygens probe is going to land in," he said in an interview, describing the descent. "Those pictures will continue all the way down to the surface, they'll be interrupted right at the end when the camera switches over to take what are called spectra, which will tell us about the composition of the surface. So we ought to be able to get a pretty good panorama to start with. "We ought to be able to see whether the probe came down in an area that's mostly craters or other kinds of land forms. We ought to be able to get a hint of whether there might be pools or lakes of liquid in that area. It won't be immediately apparent whether dark places are liquid or solid, but depending on where the probe lands, we might get some direct information on that. And we might see clouds in the sky toward the horizon. "There may be some detection of lightning," he said, "although there probably isn't a lot of lightning in Titan's atmosphere. And then after impact, or touchdown, if the antennas aren't pointed in a strange direction, we should be able to get some information about the surface. If we're lucky enough to land in liquid, then the probe should be bobbing up and down and there's a tilt meter that will tell us that. And we might be able to get samples of surface material because the probe will still be warm and anything like these liquid hydrocarbons will vaporize and go up into the sample inlets."MISSION PREVIEWStargaze II DVDThe Stargaze II DVD has arrived! It features over 65 minutes of all new videos of the universe with newly-composed dolby digital and DTS 5.1 Channel surround sound music. Choose your store: - - - Solar system poster This new poster is popular for classrooms and children's bedrooms. It includes interesting facts and figures about the planets and their moons. Choose your store: - - - Apollo 15 DVD Relive on DVD the journey of Apollo 15, one of the great explorations of our time. This unique six-disc DVD set contains all the available television and 16mm film footage from the mission.Choose your store: - - - Shuttle patchesCollect the official mission patches for the first ten space shuttle flights and save off the regular price. Introducing the Space Shuttle Patch Collection.Choose your store: - - - | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini captures Saturn moon red-handed CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: December 4, 2004Stealing is a crime on Earth, but at Saturn, apparently it is routine. The Cassini spacecraft has witnessed Saturn's moon Prometheus snatching particles from one of Saturn's rings. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version This potato-shaped moon is also believed to be responsible for kinks within Saturn's thin F ring, a contorted, narrow ring flanked by two small moons, Prometheus and Pandora. The thievery and the detailed behavior of kinks were observed for the first time ever in images taken by the Cassini spacecraft.In an image taken on Oct. 29, Prometheus is seen stealing particles from the F ring while connected to the ringlets by a faint streak of material. A movie sequence of the ring, taken on Oct. 28, captures in freeze-frame motion the zigzagging kinks and knots, some of which are almost certainly caused by Prometheus.The kinks look like "hiccups" traveling around the ring. Consisting of 44 frames taken three minutes apart, the sequence represents almost two hours, or about one-eighth of the orbital period of F ring particles around the planet.Cassini was on a flight path that took the spacecraft away from the planet and farther south, so that the rings appear to tilt upward. The top portion of the F ring is closer to the spacecraft, while the bottom portion is farther away and curves around the far side of Saturn.Scientists are not sure exactly how Prometheus is interacting with the F ring here, but they have speculated that the moon might be gravitationally pulling material away from the ring. Scientists speculate that the ring particles may end up in a slightly different orbit from the one they were in prior to getting a 'kick' from the moon. These kicks occur at specific locations in the rings and can actually cause large waves or knots to form. In the still image, gaps in the diffuse inner strands are seen. All these features appear to be due to the influence of Prometheus in ways that are not fully understood.Saturn's moon Prometheus is following in the footsteps of the legendary Titan for which it is named. In Greek mythology, Prometheus stole fire from the gods and gave it to the mortals.Scientists will use what they learn about Prometheus' interaction with the F ring to understand the gravitational exchanges between moons and rings, which give rise to so much of the structure that is observed in Saturn's rings. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini conducts major orbit adjustment maneuver CASSINI MISSION CONTROL REPORTPosted: August 23, 2004 The Cassini spacecraft successfully completed a 51-minute engine burn that will raise its next closest approach distance to Saturn by nearly 300,000 kilometers (186,000 miles). The maneuver was necessary to keep the spacecraft from passing through the rings and to put it on target for its first close encounter with Saturn's moon Titan on Oct. 26. Mission controllers received confirmation of a successful burn at 11:15 a.m. Pacific Time today. The spacecraft is approaching the highest point in its first and largest orbit about Saturn. Its distance from the center of Saturn is about 9 million kilometers (5.6 million miles), and its speed just prior to today's burn was 325 meters per second (727 miles per hour) relative to Saturn. That means it is nearly at a standstill compared to its speed of about 30,000 meters per second (67,000 miles per hour) at the completion of its orbit insertion burn on June 30."Saturn orbit insertion got us into orbit and this maneuver sets us up for the tour," said Joel Signorelli, spacecraft system engineer for the Cassini-Huygens mission at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.The maneuver was the third longest engine burn for the Cassini spacecraft and the last planned pressurized burn in the four-year tour. The Saturn obit insertion burn was 97 minutes long, and the deep space maneuver in Dec. 1998 was 88 minutes long. "The October 26 Titan encounter will be much closer than our last one. We'll fly by Titan at an altitude of 1,200 kilometers (746 miles), 'dipping our toe' into its atmosphere," said Signorelli. Cassini's first Titan flyby on July 2 was from 340,000 kilometers (211,000 miles) away.Over the next four years, the Cassini orbiter will execute 45 Titan flybys as close as approximately 950 kilometers (590 miles) from the moon. In January 2005, the European-built Huygens probe that is attached to Cassini will descend through Titan's atmosphere to the surface.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. JPL designed, developed and assembled the Cassini orbiter. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini craft reveals Saturn's cool rings CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: September 2, 2004 The Cassini spacecraft has taken the most detailed temperature measurements to date of Saturn's rings. Data taken by the composite infrared spectrometer instrument on the spacecraft while entering Saturn's orbit show the cool and relatively warm regions of the rings. Credit: NASA/JPL/University of ArizonaThis false-color image shows that the temperatures on the unlit side of Saturn's rings vary from a relatively warm 110 Kelvin (-261 degrees Fahrenheit, shown in red), to a cool 70 Kelvin (-333 degrees Fahrenheit, shown in blue). The green represents a temperature of 90 Kelvin (-298 degrees Fahrenheit). Water freezes at 273 Kelvin (32 degrees Fahrenheit). The data show that the opaque region of the rings, like the outer A ring (on the far right) and the middle B ring, are cooler, while more transparent sections, like the Cassini Division (in red just inside the A ring) or the inner C ring (shown in yellow and red), are warmer. Scientists had predicted this might be the case, because the opaque ring areas would let less light through, and the transparent areas, more. These results also show, for the first time, that individual ringlets in the C ring and the Cassini Division are cooler than the surrounding, more transparent regions.The temperature data were taken on July 1, 2004, shortly after Saturn orbit insertion. Cassini is so close to the planet that no pictures of the unlit side of the rings are available, hence the temperature data was mapped onto a picture of the lit side of the rings. Saturn is overexposed and pure white in this picture. Saturn's moon Enceladus is visible below the rings, toward the center.The composite infrared spectrometer, one of 12 instruments on Cassini, will measure infrared emissions from atmospheres, rings and surfaces. This spectrometer will create vertical profiles of temperature and gas composition for the atmospheres of Titan and Saturn. During Cassini's four-year tour, the instrument will also gather information on the thermal properties and composition of Saturn's rings and icy moons.?Cassini-Huygens is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science and Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter was designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The Composite Infrared Spectrometer team is based at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini discoveries shed light on Saturn and Titan NASA ANNOUNCEMENTPosted: August 5, 2004The Cassini spacecraft, which began its tour of the Saturn system just over a month ago, has detected lightning and a new radiation belt at Saturn, and a glow around the planet's largest moon, Titan. The magnetospheric imaging instrument onboard Cassini recently discovered a new radiation belt just above Saturn's cloud tops, up to the inner edge of the D-ring. Before this discovery, it was not anticipated that such a trapped ion population could be sustained inside the rings. Credit: NASA/JPL/APLThe spacecraft's radio and plasma wave science instrument detected radio waves generated by lightning. "We are detecting the same crackle and pop one hears when listening to an AM radio broadcast during a thunderstorm," said Dr. Bill Kurth, deputy principal investigator on the radio and plasma wave instrument, University of Iowa, Iowa City. "These storms are dramatically different than those observed 20 years ago."Cassini finds radio bursts from this lightning are highly episodic. There are large variations in the occurrence of lightning from day to day, sometimes with little or no lightning, suggesting a number of different, possibly short-lived storms, at mid- to high latitudes. Voyager observed lightning from an extended storm system at low latitudes, which lasted for months and appeared highly regular from one day to the next. The difference in storm characteristics may be related to very different shadowing conditions in the 1980s than they are now. During the Voyager time period when lightning was first observed, the rings cast a very deep shadow near Saturn's equator. As a result, the atmosphere in a narrow band was permanently in shadow -- making it cold -- and located right next to the hottest in Saturn's atmosphere. Turbulence between the hot and cold regions could have led to long-lived storms. However, during Cassini's approach and entry into Saturn's orbit, it is summer in the southern hemisphere and the ring shadow is distributed widely over a large portion of the northern hemisphere. This causes the hottest and coldest regions to be far apart.A major finding of the magnetospheric imaging instrument is the discovery of a new radiation belt just above Saturn's cloud tops, up to the inner edge of the D-ring. This is the first time that a new Saturnian radiation belt has been discovered with remote sensing. This new radiation belt extends around the planet. It was detected by the emission of fast neutral atoms created as its magnetically trapped ions interact with gas clouds located planetward of the D-ring. With this discovery, the radiation belts are shown to extend far closer to the planet than previously known. "This new radiation belt had eluded detection by any of the spacecraft that previously visited Saturn. With its discovery we have seen something that we did not expect, that radiation belt particles can 'hop' over obstructions like Saturn's rings, without being absorbed by the rings in the process," said Dr. Donald G. Mitchell, instrument scientist for the magnetospheric imaging instrument at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md.Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is also shining for attention. Cassini's visual and infrared mapping spectrometer captured Titan glowing both day and night, powered by emissions from methane and carbon monoxide gases in the moon's extensive, thick atmosphere. The glow of Titan's extensive atmosphere shines in false colors in this view of Saturn's gas-enshrouded moon acquired by the Cassini spacecraft visual and infrared mapping spectrometer during the July 2, 2004, flyby. This image is a combination of near-infrared colors, each of which probes different phenomena in the moon. Credit: NASA/JPL/University of Arizona"Not only is Titan putting on a great light show but it is also teaching us more about its dense atmosphere," said Dr. Kevin Baines, science team member for the visual and infrared mapping spectrometer at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. "What is amazing is that the size of this glow or emission of gases is a sixth the diameter of the planet," he added.The Sun-illuminated fluorescent glow of methane throughout Titan's upper atmosphere -- revealing the atmosphere's immense thickness and extending more than 700 kilometers (435 miles) above the surface, was expected. However, the nighttime glow, persistently shining over the night side of Titan, initially surprised scientists. "These images are as if you were seeing Titan through alien eyes. Titan glows throughout the near-infrared spectrum. If you were an alien it would be hard to get a good night's sleep on Titan because the light would always be on," Baines said.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini discovers ring and one, maybe two, objects CASSINI NEWS RELEASEPosted: September 9, 2004 Scientists examining Saturn's contorted F ring, which has baffled them since its discovery, have found one small body, possibly two, orbiting in the F ring region, and a ring of material associated with Saturn's moon Atlas. A new found ring of material, S/2004 1 R, in the orbit of Saturn's moon Atlas has been seen in this view of the region between the edge of Saturn's A ring and the F ring. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version A small object was discovered moving near the outside edge of the F ring, interior to the orbit of Saturn's moon Pandora. The object was seen by Dr. Carl Murray, imaging team member at Queen Mary, University of London, in images taken on June 21, 2004, just days before Cassini arrived at Saturn. "I noticed this barely detectable object skirting the outer part of the F ring. It was an incredible privilege to be the first person to spot it," he said. Murray's group at Queen Mary then calculated an orbit for the object.Scientists cannot yet definitively say if the object is a moon or a temporary clump. If it is a moon, its diameter is estimated at four to five kilometers (two to three miles) and it is located 1,000 kilometers (620 miles) from the F ring, Saturn's outmost ring. It is at a distance of approximately 141,000 kilometers (86,000 miles) from the center of Saturn and within 300 kilometers (190 miles) of the orbit of the moon Pandora. The object has been provisionally named S/2004 S3. Scientists are not sure if the object is alone. This is because of results from a search through other images that might capture the object to pin down its orbit. The search by Dr. Joseph Spitale, a planetary scientist working with team leader Dr. Carolyn Porco at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo., revealed something strange. Spitale said, "When I went to look for additional images of this object to refine its orbit, I found that about five hours after first being sighted, it seemed to be orbiting interior to the F ring," said Spitale. "If this is the same object then it has an orbit that crosses the F ring, which makes it a strange object." Because of the puzzling dynamical implications of having a body that crosses the ring, the inner object sighted by Spitale is presently considered a separate object with the temporary designation S/2004 S 4. S4 is roughly the same size as S3. A small new found object, temporarily designated S/2004 S 3, has been seen orbiting Saturn's outer F ring. The tiny object, seen centered in a green box, orbits the planet at a distance of approximately 141,000 kilometers (86,420 miles) from the center of Saturn. Its nature, moon or clump, is not presently known. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version In the process of examining the F ring region, Murray also detected a previously unknown ring, S/2004 1R, associated with Saturn's moon, Atlas. "We knew from Voyager that the region between the main rings and the F ring is dusty, but the role of the moons in this region was a mystery," said Murray. "It was while studying the F ring in these images that I discovered the faint ring of material. My immediate hunch was that it might be associated with the orbit of one of Saturn's moons, and after some calculation I identified Atlas as the prime suspect." The ring is located 138,000 kilometers (86,000 miles) from the center of Saturn in the orbit of the moon Atlas, between the A ring and the F ring. The width of the ring is estimated at 300 kilometers (190 miles). The ring was first spotted in images taken after orbit insertion on July 1, 2004. There is no way of knowing yet if it extends all the way around the planet."We have planned many images to search the region between the A and F rings for diffuse material and new moons, which we have long expected to be there on the basis of the peculiar behavior of the F ring," said Porco. "Now we have found something but, as is usual for the F ring, what we see is perplexing."Searches will continue for further detections of the newfound body or bodies seen in association with the F ring. If the two objects indeed turn out to be a single moon, it will bring the Saturn moon count to 34. The newfound ring adds to the growing number of narrow ringlets around Saturn.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. UK scientists are playing significant roles in the mission with involvement in six of the 12 instruments onboard the Cassini orbiter and two of the six instruments on the Huygens probe.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini diverts from collision course with moon Titan CASSINI MISSION STATUS REPORTPosted: December 28, 2004NASA's Cassini spacecraft successfully performed a getaway maneuver on Monday, Dec. 27, to keep it from following the European Space Agency's Huygens probe into the atmosphere of Saturn's moon Titan. This maneuver established the required geometry between the probe and the orbiter for radio communications during the probe descent on Jan. 14. The probe has no navigating capability, so the Cassini orbiter had been placed on a deliberate collision course with Titan to ensure the accurate delivery of the probe to Titan. The Huygens probe successfully detached from the Cassini orbiter on Dec. 24. All systems performed as expected.The European Space Agency's Huygens probe will be the first human-made object to explore on-site the unique environment of Titan, whose chemistry is thought to be very similar to that of early Earth before life arose. Next for Cassini is a flyby of Saturn's icy moon Iapetus on Dec. 31. Iapetus is Saturn's two-faced moon -- one side is very bright, and the other is very dark. One scenario for this striking difference is that the moon's surface is being resurfaced by some material spewing from within.The Cassini spacecraft has been in orbit around Saturn since June 30, 2004, and has returned stunning pictures of Saturn, its rings and many moons. Titan has already been the subject of two close flybys by Cassini. With 43 more flybys planned and the in-situ measurements made by the probe, it is likely only a matter of time before Titan's secrets begin to unfold.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. JPL designed, developed and assembled the Cassini orbiter. The European Space Agency built and managed the development of the Huygens probe and is in charge of the probe operations. The Italian Space Agency provided the high-gain antenna, much of the radio system and elements of several of Cassini's science instruments.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini exposes Saturn's two-face moon Iapetus CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: July 15, 2004The moon with the split personality, Iapetus, presents a perplexing appearance in the latest images snapped by the Cassini spacecraft. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload a larger image version One hemisphere of the moon is very dark, while the other is very bright. Scientists do not yet know the origin of the dark material or whether or not it is representative of the interior of Iapetus.Iapetus (pronounced eye-APP-eh-tuss) is one of Saturn's 31 known moons. Its diameter is about one third that of our own moon at 1,436 kilometers (892 miles). This image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera on July 3, 2004, from a distance of 3 million kilometers (1.8 million miles) from Iapetus. The brightness variations in this image are not due to shadowing, they are real.During Cassini's four-year tour, the spacecraft will continue to image Iapetus and conduct two close encounters. One of those encounters, several years from now, will be at a mere 1,000 kilometers (622 miles).Iapetus was discovered by the Italian-French astronomer Jean Dominique Cassini in 1672. He correctly deduced that the trailing hemisphere is composed of highly reflective material, while the leading hemisphere is strikingly darker. This sets Iapetus apart from Saturn's other moons and Jupiter's moons, which tend to be brighter on their leading hemispheres. Voyager images show that the bright side of Iapetus, which reflects nearly 50 percent of the light it receives, is fairly typical of a heavily cratered icy satellite. The leading side consists of much darker, redder material that has a reflectivity of only about 3 to 4 percent. One scenario for the outside deposit of material has dark particles being ejected from Saturn's little moon Phoebe and drifting inward to coat Iapetus. One observation lending credence to an internal origin is the concentration of material on crater floors, which is suggestive of something filling in the craters. Iapetus is odd in other respects. It is in a moderately inclined orbit, one that takes it far above and below the plane in which the rings and most of the moons orbit. It is less dense than many of the other satellites, which suggests a higher fraction of ice or possibly methane or ammonia in its interior.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini eyes the culprit CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: October 11, 2004 Gazing beyond Saturn's magnificent rings, Cassini spotted the cause of the dark gap visible in the foreground of this image: Mimas, which is 398 kilometers (247 miles) wide. The gravitational influence of Mimas is responsible for the 4,800 kilometer- (2,980 mile-) wide Cassini division, which stretches across the lower left portion of this view. The little moon is at a nearly half-full phase in this view. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version A small clump of material is visible in the narrow F ring, beyond the edge of the main rings. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera at a distance of 8.9 million kilometers (5.5 million miles) from Mimas and at a Sun-Mimas-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 88 degrees. The image scale is 54 kilometers (34 miles) per pixel. The image was magnified by a factor of four to aid visibility. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Cassini finds evidence for water on Enceladus BY WILLIAM HARWOOD

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: February 14, 2008The U.S. Navy, acting on orders from the Bush administration, is finalizing plans to fire a modified tactical missile at a falling 2.5-ton spy satellite in an unprecedented attempt to break up the dead spacecraft and disperse its load of toxic hydrazine rocket fuel before it can re-enter on its own and possibly pose a threat to the public. The attempt is expected before the end of the month, but after the shuttle Atlantis returns to Earth next Wednesday.The satellite in question, a classified spacecraft now known as USA 193, was launched in December 2006 from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., by a Delta 2 rocket. The spacecraft failed shortly after reaching an orbit measuring 217 by 227 statute miles tilted 58 degrees to the equator (see Heavens Above for tracking maps: ).Out of contact and out of control, the National Reconnaissance Office satellite (also known as NROL-21) will re-enter the atmosphere with virtually a full load of now-frozen hydrazine rocket fuel inside a spherical tank. While the odds are the tank will survive re-entry heating and make it to the surface, the probability of impact in a populated area is considered remote.But if the tank did, in fact, defy the odds, "we're talking an area, say, roughly the size of two football fields that the hydrazine could be dispersed over and you would at least incur something that would make you go to the doctor," said Marine Gen. James Cartwright, vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. "If you stayed inside that zone, if you got very close to it and stayed, you could get to exposures that would be deadly. So that's a sense of what we're dealing with here."Ted Molczan, an experienced, widely respected amateur satellite observer, told CBS News today the last verifiable sighting of the spacecraft was on Feb. 11. Based on tracking data at that time, he predicted re-entry on March 18, plus or minus one week, if nothing was done to hasten the event. And that projection includes assumptions about atmospheric behavior that could change closer to re-entry.Concerned about the potential health threat, the Bush administration approved a plan to fire a standard tactical missile from an Aegis cruiser in an attempt to hit the falling satellite around the end of February. By attempting an intercept at a relatively low altitude - about 160 statute miles - half the resulting debris could be expected to burn up within hours with the rest following suit within a few weeks."What to me was compelling as we reviewed the data was that if we fire at the satellite, the worst case is we miss and then we have a known situation which is where we are today," Cartwright said. "If we graze the satellite, we're still better off because likely we'll still bring it down sooner and therefore more predictably. If we hit the hydrazine tank, then we've improved our potential to mitigate that threat. So the regret factor of not acting clearly outweighed the regret factors of acting."NASA Administrator Mike Griffin said debris from a successful intercept would not pose a significant threat to the international space station, which flies at an altitude of about 210 statute miles and is permanently staffed by rotating three-person crews. The planned intercept will not be attempted until the shuttle Atlantis returns to Earth next Wednesday."We have a shuttle on orbit and a space station on orbit permanently with a permanent crew," he said. "So we looked very carefully at increased risk to shuttle and station and, broadly speaking, they are negligible. They are at least a factor of 10 smaller than the risks we take just being in space anyway in the shuttle. On the space station, of course, it's a different issue. The space station is much more robust than the shuttle. But even there, the risk posture does not increase significantly. And so we are very comfortable that this is a decision made carefully and objectively and safely."He did not mention what a low-altitude cloud of debris might mean for the planned launch of the shuttle Endeavour March 11 on the next space station assembly mission.The Chinese government was subjected to widespread international criticism when it destroyed a defunct weather satellite in January 2007 in a dramatic test of anti-satellite technology. The Feng Yun 1C was at an altitude of some 530 miles when it was destroyed, creating some 2,400 pieces of trackable debris, Molczan said.Asked how U.S. plans to destroy the falling NRO satellite are different from what China did, Cartwright said the United States is notifying other nations in advance and "this is right at the surface of the atmosphere. Other intercepts that have occurred have occurred substantially higher than the space station, for example, and that means the debris is up there for 20 to 40 years and has to migrate down through both manned space platforms and unmanned space platforms. That will not be the case here."Griffin agreed, saying "the Chinese ASAT test was conducted against a satellite in a circular orbit at around 850 kilometers of altitude. ... All of the debris from this encounter, as carefully designed as it is, will be down at most within weeks, and most will be down in the first couple of orbits afterward. There's an enormous difference."Backing up that position, Molczan said only 1 percent - about 25 pieces of debris out of a population of more than 2,400 - have re-entered in the wake of the Chinese anti-satellite test. The rest is still in orbit.He said the additional risk of debris that might get knocked out of USA 193's orbit into a more elliptical path with a high point, or apogee, above the space station's orbit is relatively small and that any pieces that did get knocked into such orbits would decay and re-enter within a few weeks."You're talking about intercepting this at 139 nautical miles, or 240 kilometers," he said. "Obviously, at that point the thing would be within three weeks of (a natural) decay if we're talking the end of February. That means at worse case, you engage this thing and most pieces are going to come down in the original timeframe."While not disputing U.S. government projections of debris behavior, Molczan said "I just have a hard time being worried about a 40-inch sphere of hydrazine. I normally try not to get political in this stuff, but the thought that crossed my mind was ... is this in some measure a PR exercise to boost the concept of missile defense?"Others have wondered if the Pentagon wants to ensure that no classified systems make it to the ground where they could possibly be recovered and subjected to analysis.But Cartwright said the only concern was the threat posed by the satellite's load of hydrazine fuel."It's the hydrazine here that's the distinguishing characteristic," he said. "I read the blogs, there's some question about the classified side of this. That is really not an issue. Once you go through the atmosphere and the heating and the burning, that would not be an issue in this case. That would not justify using a missile to take it and break it up further."Griffin said enough uncertainty exists with frozen hydrazine to warrant the extraordinary intervention."Solid as it is now, not all of it will melt, OK?" he said. "So you will land on the ground with a tank full of slush hydrazine that would then later evaporate. The tank will have been breached. Not probably, the tank will have been breached because the fuel lines will have been ripped out of the main spacecraft and so that hydrazine will vent."It's hard to find areas that have any significant population to them where you could put a toxic substance down across a couple of football fields and not have somebody at risk. And so, we didn't want to create a situation like that. So in brief, the tank will survive, it will be breached, the hydrazine will reach the ground. And that's not an outcome we want to see." John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA's Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.U.S.-German-Russian crew arrives at space stationBY WILLIAM HARWOOD

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: October 26, 2004TIME (EDT)..IMAGES....RESOLUTION (miles/pixel)............NAC/WAC...NAC/WAC.....EVENT/OBSERVATION TYPE10/2502:30 p.m.........................Begin approach observations01:14 p.m.........................Begin medium resolution observations10/2607:44 a.m.........................Begin high resolution observations10:56 a.m.........................Transition to thruster control11:17 a.m.........................Turn HGA toward Titan11:29 a.m.........................Begin inbound RADAR scatterometry11:59 a.m.........................Turn cameras back to Titan12:32 p.m.........................Turn INMS/HGA to Titan ram direction12:38 p.m.........................Begin INMS atmospheric collection12:44 p.m.........................Titan closest approach12:44 p.m.........................Begin high-res RADAR/SAR imaging12:50 p.m.........................Begin low-res RADAR/SAR imaging01:00 p.m.........................Begin RADAR altimetry01:14 p.m.........................Begin outbound RADAR scatterometry01:59 p.m.........................Transition to reaction wheel control02:07 p.m.........................Ascending ring plane crossing02:23 p.m.........................Begin RADAR radiometry09:15 p.m.........................Turn to Earthline09:40 p.m.........................Begin A5 data playback (CRITICAL)09:41 p.m...10/00.....1.7/16.8....ISS: Low resolution09:43 p.m...00/14.....1.3/13......ISS10:10 p.m...63/06.....1.2/11.8....ISS10:25 p.m...00/07.....0.87/8.7....ISS11:15 p.m...12/36.....0.37/3.7....ISS: Medium resolution10/2712:23 a.m...87/01.....0.25/2.5....ISS: Regional map12:51 a.m...87/01.....0.13/1.3....ISS: High resolution01:44 a.m.........................Begin A4 playback science/engineering01:56 a.m.........................Begin B4 playback02:28 a.m...23/23.....0.11/1.1....ISS: RADRCS02:32 a.m.........................ISS: Waypoint turn02:40 a.m...18/29.....17'/755'....ISS: Highest resolution (17 ft/pixel)05:04 a.m...32/43.....0.62/6.2....ISS: Ultraviolet05:29 a.m.........................Begin B4 playback science/engineering05:30 a.m.........................Begin A5 data playback (CRITICAL)05:31 a.m.........................Resume B4 playback05:22 a.m.........................END TA playback07:33 a.m.........................Saturn closest approach05:13 p.m.........................Descending ring plane crossing | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Fresh crater on Rhea? CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: January 4, 2004Rhea has been heavily bombarded by impacts during its history. In this Cassini image the moon displays what may be a relatively fresh, bright, rayed crater near Rhea's eastern limb. Rhea is 1,528 kilometers (949 miles) across. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version This view is centered on the side of Rhea that faces away from Saturn as the moon orbits. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera on Nov. 10, 2004, at a distance of 3.6 million kilometers (2.2 million miles) from Rhea and at a Sun-Rhea-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 86 degrees. North is up. The image scale is 21 kilometers (13 miles) per pixel. The image has been magnified by a factor of two and contrast enhanced to aid visibility of surface features. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.From Saturn's dark side CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: December 11, 2004As Cassini swung around to the dark side of the planet during its first close passage after orbit insertion, the intrepid spacecraft spied three ring moons whizzing around the planet. Visible in this image are: Mimas (398 kilometers, or 247 miles across) brightest and above center; Janus (181 kilometers, or 112 miles across) second brightest at upper left; and Prometheus (102 kilometers, or 63 miles across) just above the main rings at upper left. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version The normally bright B ring appears very dark from this vantage point. Regions with smaller concentrations of particles, such as the Cassini division (bright near center) transmit more sunlight and thus are brighter. The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft wide angle camera at a distance of 757,000 kilometers (470,000miles) from Saturn. The image scale is about 42 kilometers (26 miles) per pixel. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Saturn's ring gap CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: December 2, 2004An intriguing knotted ringlet within the Encke Gap is the main attraction in this Cassini image. The Encke Gap is a small division near the outer edge of Saturn's rings that is about 300 kilometers (190 miles) wide. The tiny moon Pan (20 kilometers, or 12 miles across) orbits within the gap and maintains it. Many waves produced by orbiting moons are visible. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version The image was taken in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera on Oct. 29, 2004, at a distance of about 807,000 kilometers (501,000 miles) from Saturn. The image scale is 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles) per pixel. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Getting closer to Titan CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: June 25, 2004 Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version Irregular bright and dark regions of yet unidentified composition and character are becoming increasingly visible on Titan's surface as Cassini approaches its scheduled first flyby of Saturn's largest moon on July 2, 2004.This view represents an improvement in resolution of nearly three times over the previous Cassini images of Titan. Titan's surface is difficult to study, veiled by a dense hydrocarbon haze that forms in the high stratosphere as methane is destroyed by sunlight. This image is different from previous Titan images by Cassini because it was taken through a special filter, called a polarizer, which is designed to see through the atmosphere to the surface. The superimposed coordinate system grid in the accompanying image at right illustrates the geographical regions of the moon that are illuminated and visible, as well as the orientation of Titan. North is up and rotated 25 degrees to the left. The yellow curve marks the position of the boundary between day and night on Titan. This image shows about one quarter of Titan's surface, from 0 to 70 degrees West longitude, and just barely overlaps part of the surface shown in the previous Titan image release. Most of the visible surface in this image has not yet been shown in any Cassini image. The image was obtained with the narrow angle camera on June 14, 2004, at a phase, or Sun-Titan-spacecraft, angle of 61 degrees and at a distance of 10.4 million kilometers (6.5 million miles) from Titan. The image scale is 62 kilometers (39 miles) per pixel. The image was magnified by a factor of two using a linear interpolation scheme. No further processing to remove the effects of the overlying atmosphere has been performed. The observed brightness variations are real, on scales of one hundred kilometers or less. The image was obtained in the near-infrared (centered at 938 nanometers) through a polarizing filter. The combination was designed to reduce the obscuration by atmospheric haze. The haze is more transparent at 938 nanometers than at shorter wavelengths, and light of 938 nanometers wavelength is not absorbed by methane gas in Titan's atmosphere. Light at this wavelength consequently samples the surface, and the polarizer blocks out light scattered mainly by the haze. This is similar to the way a polarizer, put on the front of a lens of a hand-held camera, makes distant objects more clear on Earth. Cassini will conduct a critical 96-minute burn before going into orbit around Saturn on June 30 (July 1 Universal Time), with its first scheduled flyby of Titan on July 2.The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Giant landslide on Iapetus CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: January 9, 2004A spectacular landslide within the low-brightness region of Iapetus's surface known as Cassini Regio is visible in this image from Cassini. Iapetus is one of the moons of Saturn. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version The landslide material appears to have collapsed from a scarp 15 kilometers high (9 miles) that forms the rim of an ancient 600 kilometer (375 mile) impact basin. Unconsolidated rubble from the landslide extends halfway across a conspicuous, 120-kilometer diameter (75-mile) flat-floored impact crater that lies just inside the basin scarp. Landslides are common geological phenomena on many planetary bodies, including Earth and Mars. The appearance of this landslide on an icy satellite with low-brightness cratered terrain is reminiscent of landslide features that were observed during NASA's Galileo mission on the Jovian satellite Callisto. The fact that the Iapetus landslide traveled many kilometers from the basin scarp could indicate that the surface material is very fine-grained, and perhaps was fluffed by mechanical forces that allowed the landslide debris to flow extended distances. In this view, north is to the left of the picture and solar illumination is from the bottom of the frame. The image was obtained in visible light with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera on Dec. 31, 2004, at a distance of about 123,400 kilometers (76,677 miles) from Iapetus and at a Sun-Iapetus-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 78 degrees. Resolution achieved in the original image was 740 meters (2,428 feet) per pixel. The image has been contrast-enhanced and magnified by a factor of two to aid visibility. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Hazy all over Titan CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: July 28, 2004Following its first flyby of Titan, Cassini gazed back at the smog-enshrouded moon's receding crescent. This natural color view was seen by the spacecraft about one day after closest approach. The slight bluish glow of Titan's haze is visible along the limb. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload a larger version of image The superimposed coordinate system grid in the accompanying image at right illustrates the geographical regions of the moon that are illuminated and visible, as well as the orientation of Titan -- lines of longitude converge on the South Pole near the moon's eastern limb. The yellow curve marks the position of the boundary between day and night on Titan. Images taken through blue, green and red filters were combined to create this natural color view. The images were obtained with the Cassini spacecraft wide angle camera on July 3, 2004, from a distance of about 790,000 kilometers (491,000 miles) from Titan and at a Sun-Titan-spacecraft, or phase angle of 115 degrees. The image scale is 47 kilometers (29 miles) per pixel. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Herding the Saturn's rings CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: September 26, 2004 Saturn's moon Prometheus is seen shepherding the inner edge of Saturn's F ring. Prometheus is 102 kilometers (63 miles) across and was captured in a close-up view by the Cassini spacecraft near the time of orbital insertion at Saturn. A number of clumps are visible here along the arcing F ring. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version The image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow angle camera at a distance of 8.2 million kilometers (5.1 million miles) from Saturn through a filter sensitive to visible green light. The image scale is 49 kilometers (33 miles) per pixel. Contrast was slightly enhanced to aid visibility. The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle's last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Hovering over Titan CASSINI PHOTO RELEASEPosted: November 24, 2004A mosaic of nine processed images recently acquired during Cassini's first very close flyby of Saturn's moon Titan on Oct. 26, 2004, constitutes the most detailed full-disc view of the mysterious moon. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteDownload larger image version The view is centered on 15 degrees South latitude, and 156 degrees West longitude. Brightness variations across the surface and bright clouds near the south pole are easily seen. The images that comprise the mosaic have been processed to reduce the effects of the atmosphere and to sharpen surface features. The mosaic has been trimmed to show only the illuminated surface and not the atmosphere above the edge of the moon. The Sun was behind Cassini so nearly the full disc is illuminated. Pixels scales of the composite images vary from 2 to 4 kilometers per pixel (1.2 to 2.5 miles per pixel). Surface features are best seen near the center of the disc, where the spacecraft is looking directly downwards; the contrast becomes progressively lower and surface features become fuzzier towards the outside, where the spacecraft is peering through haze, a circumstance that washes out surface features. The brighter region on the right side and equatorial region is named Xanadu Regio. Scientists are actively debating what processes may have created the bizarre surface brightness patterns seen here. The images hint at a young surface with, no obvious craters. However, the exact nature of that activity, whether tectonic, wind-blown, fluvial, marine, or volcanic is still to be determined. The images comprising this mosaic were acquired from distances ranging from 650,000 kilometers (400,000 miles) to 300,000 kilometers (200,000 miles). The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Office of Space Science, Washington, D.C. The Cassini orbiter and its two onboard cameras, were designed, developed and assembled at JPL. The imaging team is based at the Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colo. Cassini posterJust in time for the Cassini spacecraft's arrival at Saturn, this new poster celebrates the mission to explore the ringed planet and its moons. 2005 CalendarThe 2005 edition of the Universe of the Hubble Space Telescope calendar is available from our U.S. store and will soon be available worldwide. This 12x12-inch calendar features spectacular images from the orbiting observatory.Moon panoramaTaken by Apollo 14 commander Alan Shepard, this panoramic poster shows lunar module pilot Edgar Mitchell as a brilliant Sun glare reflects off the lunar module Antares.Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is now available from the Astronomy Now Store.Columbia ReportThe official accident investigation report into the loss of the space shuttle Columbia and its crew of seven. Includes CD-ROM. Choose your store: | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Huygens carrier signal 'solid' for more than two hours BY WILLIAM HARWOOD

Posted: September 10, 2007T-00:00LiftoffThe Delta 2 rocket's main engine and twin vernier steering thrusters are started moments before launch. Six of the nine strap-on solid rocket motors are ignited at T-0 to begin the mission.T+01:04.0Ground SRB BurnoutThe six ground-start Alliant TechSystems-built solid rocket motors consume all their propellant and burn out.T+01:05.5Air-Lit SRM IgnitionThe three remaining solid rocket motors strapped to the Delta 2 rocket's first stage are ignited.T+01:26.0Jettison SRBsThe spent solid rocket boosters are jettisoned to fall into the Pacific Ocean. The spent casings remained attached until the vehicle passed into preset drop zone, clear of offshore oil platforms.T+01:30.0Begin Dog-legAfter initially flying from Vandenberg along a 196-degree flight azimuth, the rocket begins steering itself to obtain the desired orbital inclination. This dog-leg maneuver continues for 52 seconds.T+02:11.5Jettison Air-Lit SRMsHaving burned out, the three spent air-started solid rocket boosters are jettisoned toward the Pacific Ocean.T+04:23.4Main Engine CutoffAfter consuming its RP-1 fuel and liquid oxygen, the Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne RS-27A first stage main engine is shut down. The vernier engines cut off moments later.T+04:31.4Stage SeparationThe Delta rocket's first stage is separated now, having completed its job. The spent stage will fall into the Pacific Ocean.T+04:36.9Second Stage IgnitionWith the stage jettisoned, the rocket's second stage takes over. The Aerojet AJ118-K liquid-fueled engine ignites for the first of two firings needed to place the WorldView 1 spacecraft into the proper orbit.T+04:43.0Jettison Payload FairingThe 10-foot diameter payload fairing that protected the WorldView 1 cargo atop the Delta 2 during the atmospheric ascent is jettisoned is two halves.T+10:28.0Second Stage Cutoff 1The second stage engine shuts down to complete its first firing of the launch. The rocket and attached spacecraft are now in a long coast period before the second stage reignites. The orbit achieved should be 278 nautical miles at apogee, 99 miles at perigee and inclined 97.415 degrees.T+54:10.0Second Stage RestartDelta's second stage engine reignites for a short firing to raise the orbit's perigee.T+54:22.3Second Stage Cutoff 2The second stage shuts down after a 12-second burn. The orbit achieved should be 272.4 nautical miles at apogee, 266.2 miles at perigee and inclined 97.49 degrees.T+72:05.0Initiate SpinThe second stage begins a nine-degree per second spin in preparation for releasing the WorldView 1 spacecraft to fly on its own.T+73:20.0Payload SeparationThe next-generation WorldView 1 commercial Earth-imaging satellite is released from the Delta 2 rocket, completing the launch.Data source: ULA.STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia's historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard's historic Mercury mission with this collectors' item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Delta 330 launch timelineSPACEFLIGHT NOW

Posted: February 19, 2007Aiming to uncover the physics that power the auroras that crown Earth's poles, five tiny probes have been launched into space for a synchronized orbital dance to locate where the trigger is pulled to create the eerily magnificent displays. The Delta 2 rocket lifts off at 6:01 p.m. EST (2301 GMT). Credit: Carleton Bailie for United Launch Alliance NASA's $200 million THEMIS mission blasted off just before sunset Saturday from Cape Canaveral's pad 17B aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket.The 73-minute flight of the three-stage launcher culminated off the northeastern coast of Australia, when the five probes were flung off their spinning carrier.Each of the 282-pound spacecraft is equipped with identical suites of instruments to examine the origin of space explosions known as substorms. The events start with the soup of ionized particles from the sun, called the solar wind, buffeting the Earth at a million miles per hour. Some of that energy gets trapped in the magnetic field, causing the field lines to stretch back in the direction opposite the sun like rubberbands. But when stretched too far the lines snap, releasing the energy that generates shimmering auroral displays."For over 30 years, the source location of these explosive energy releases has been sought after with great fervor. It is a question almost as old as space physics itself," said THEMIS principal investigator Vassilis Angelopoulos. "A substorm starts from a single point in space and progresses past the moon's orbit within minutes, so a single satellite cannot identify the substorm origin. The five-satellite constellation of THEMIS will finally identify the trigger location and the physics involved in substorms." "Substorms are what make the aurorae interesting," said John Bonnell, a plasma physicist and aurora specialist with THEMIS. "Without them, the greenish white sheets are static, like a cloud. Substorms make the sheets ripple and create different colors, such as red borders and colorful edge effects." "THEMIS is so important because the same fundamental physical process is seen around all planets, it happens on the sun in solar flares, and in astrophysical systems such as black holes," Angelopoulos said. "It's amazing that being so close to us, here at Earth, it is not understood yet." An artist's concept shows the five THEMIS probes in space. Credit: NASATHEMIS is the first NASA mission to launch five science satellites together aboard one rocket."They say good things come in small packages. I'd have to say these probes are great by that measure," said Peter Harvey, the THEMIS project manager from the University of California at Berkeley."They are powerful. It is amazing to think that these things will accelerate themselves over half-way to the moon. Each one has 40 percent of its weight as fuel. So it's able to change its orbit and go quite a distance."The probes are tough. They can take flying through the radiation belts and keep on going. They can take three-hour shadows of the Earth and keep every component inside warm while the outside is freezing cold."The probes are smart. Every one of them travels a vast distance from the Earth and can't do that in contact with the Earth. So it can't constantly telemeter. So each probe has to then detect the substorm, capture that data, compress it and then wait until it gets closer to Earth to transmit that data to the ground."The probes are really efficiently packed. Things are so jam-packed inside each probe that you can't fit your hand in between any two items."The probes were built by Swales Aerospace, and their measurements will be combined with a network of observatories across the northern U.S. and Canadian."I cannot explain all my excitement. This has been a truly exciting project -- building five spacecraft and 20 ground-based observatories, flying spacecraft in synchronized orbits. You couldn't ask for more," Harvey said. An artist's concept shows the five THEMIS probes in space. Credit: NASAThe craft will spend the next month activating their instruments. This fall, controllers will maneuver the probes into wide-ranging orbits to begin the sophisticated orbital ballet in which all five line up behind the Earth once every four days to hunt for the substorm trigger site. The main science-collecting period will occur during the winter.Saturday's launch marked the 72nd consecutive successful flight by a Delta 2 rocket since 1997 and the 125th success overall in the 127-flight history of the workhorse booster dating back to 1989. "The United Launch Alliance team is proud to support the science and robotic mission of NASA's space exploration program by successfully completing our first east coast launch," said Mike Gass, president and chief executive officer of ULA.The newly-formed United Launch Alliance now manages all Delta and Atlas rocket missions. ULA is the joint venture between Boeing and Lockheed Martin that has combined the Delta and Atlas rocket fleets."This is the first of a total of 21 launches we have manifested in 2007 consisting of a dozen Delta 2s, six Atlas 5s and three Delta 4s from the east and west coasts," said Dan Collins, ULA chief operating officer. "As our team proved today, they are up to the task. By focusing on safe practices, customer needs and mission success, I believe 2007 will be a banner inaugural year for ULA." Next up is the Atlas 5 launch of six experimental satellites for the U.S. military. That liftoff from Cape Canaveral had been planned for February 22, but officials ordered a two-week delay while the Sea Launch failure investigation continues. The Atlas 5's RD-180 first stage main engine is derived from the Russian powerplant used on the Sea Launch Zenit boosters.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:DELTA ROCKET LAUNCHES THEMIS VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN LAUNCH MOVIE FROM PRESS SITE VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN LAUNCH MOVIE FROM PATRICK AFB VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN LAUNCH MOVIE FROM PLAYALINDA BEACH VIDEO:SPACECRAFT SEPARATION CONFIRMED VIDEO:POST-LAUNCH COMMENTS VIDEO:FRIDAY'S LAUNCH ATTEMPT SCRUBBED VIDEO:PAD SERVICE GANTRY ROLLED BACK VIDEO:THEMIS MISSION SCIENCE PREVIEW VIDEO:WATCH THE PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:ROCKET NOSE CONE INSTALLED AROUND THEMIS VIDEO:SPACECRAFT MOUNTED ATOP DELTA ROCKET VIDEO:THEMIS DELIVERED TO THE LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:SECOND STAGE ATTACHED VIDEO:FIRST STAGE ERECTED MORE:Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA's first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Fixes ordered across Boeing's Delta 4 rocket line SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: April 10, 2005CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - Boeing's Delta 4 rockets are being retrofitted with new pressure valves to alleviate bubbling in liquid oxygen fuel lines that possibly occurred in the fleet's maiden liftoff in 2002 and investigators determined caused engine trouble during the first Heavy booster's December test flight.The so-called cavitation is a phenomenon when super-cold cryogenic liquid oxygen changes to vapor bubbles within a rocket's feedlines running from fuel tanks to engines.Rocket designers never caught the potential for such a problem in the Delta 4's first stage until after the Heavy's demonstration launch that suffered early extinctions of its three main engines during ascent. The shortened firings resulted in the rocket failing to achieve the proper altitude to deploy a pair of student-built nanosat experiments and a massive satellite mockup.The inquiry into the incident formally concluded with corrective actions to fix both the Delta 4-Medium and -Heavy rocket versions to prevent a repeat on future launches.Government and industry investigators said the bubbling started at the entrance of the liquid oxygen feedline where a filtration screen, the line's elbow bend and an internal gimbal strut altered the fuel flow. This changed the fluid's speed and decreased pressure as the liquid oxygen streamed from the tank.The Delta 4-Heavy features three Common Booster Core stages mounted together, each identical with a liquid oxygen tank on top, the large liquid hydrogen fuel tank accounting for three-quarters of the stage's length and a Rocketdyne RS-68 engine at the bottom.All three CBCs on the Heavy demo flight saw cavitation. The bubbles made their way five feet downstream from the liquid oxygen tanks to internal sensors used to tell the engines when the fuel supply is expended and command the shutoff sequence. The bubbles fooled the sensors into thinking the tanks were going dry and triggered the engine cutoff despite plenty of liquid oxygen still aboard."This feedline design has been present in all previous Delta 4 flights, but the unique combination of vehicle acceleration, liquid level in the tank and propellant flow rate for the Heavy mission reduced the fluid pressure enough to enable the creation of gaseous oxygen at this location as the tanks emptied," investigators determined."Further draining of the liquid oxygen tank worsened the conditions at the feedline inlet, causing the cavitation effect to extend further down the feedline. A pocket of gaseous oxygen continued to enlarge until it reached the Engine Cut-Off (ECO) sensors and caused the ECO sensors to momentarily indicate dry. This ECO sensor dry indication was sensed by the flight computer, which initiated the sequence to throttle-down and shut off the main engines as it is programmed to do."In reality, flight data showed that sufficient propellant remained in the tank to complete the planned first stage burn time."Despite extensive analytical work to understand the rocket's performance before the Heavy flight and even the first Delta 4-Medium in 2002, engineers did not look at the engine cutoff sensor area for possible cavitation."Based on a lot of previous experience we look very hard at cavitation at the inlet to the RS-68 engine, as that is the traditional place where cavitation might cause a problem. We did not look at this issue up at the top of the feedline where the ECO sensor is," Dan Collins, Boeing's Vice President of Expendable Launch Systems, said in a news conference Friday. The media briefing followed a remarkably open and forthcoming flow of information throughout the investigation that began immediately after the December 21 launch."We are as much at fault as Boeing in terms of not looking at this. Cavitation at the engines is a routine phenomenon. For whatever reason we did not think to look 100 feet up the LOX feedline," said Ken Holden, general manager of the EELV division at the federally-funded engineering support firm Aerospace Corp. "The nuances of this are such that it would not occur on each and every mission. It took a particular set of circumstances to bring this together."As part of the Heavy's investigation, engineers reviewed data from the earlier three Medium missions to see if bubbling occurred on those launches. The inaugural flight possibly experienced cavitation, however it did not trigger an engine shutdown."We have gone back and looked very hard at this phenomenon. There is a possibility that it may have occurred on one of the earlier flights," Collins said."We did not have the special instrumentation that was present on the Heavy demo, though, to know that for sure. There was absolutely no premature (engine cutoff), no signs of this at all. And when I say cavitation, it is possible that a very small vapor bubble well away from the engine cutoff sensors may have developed. There was absolutely no interaction with the cavitation and the engine cutoff sensors."Hardware and computer software changes are being ordered to increase the pressure in the liquid oxygen tank to counteract the pressure losses in the upper portion of the feedline, thereby removing the potential for bubbles forming. The earlier Delta 4 flights permitted the pressure to drop during the rocket's ascent. To raise the tank pressure later in the launch phase, the current pressure relief valve will be replaced with one having a higher pressure. Also, flight software will be modified to provide commands needed to increase the tank pressure later in the launch.Other alterations to onboard software include changes to guard against the engine cutoff sensors being tricked. The time in which the rocket's computer brain will begin accepting "dry" signals from the fuel lines will be moved later, the Air Force said."It's really a one-time fix that we will then carry through all vehicles going forward. We will have those completed over the next several months," Collins said.The next Delta 4 mission, using a Medium vehicle, does not require the fixes because its flight profile is deemed not susceptible to cavitation. That mid-to-late May launch will carry the next civilian geostationary weather satellite into orbit for the U.S. government from Cape Canaveral.The first rocket to receive the changes is stacked on the Space Launch Complex-6 pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California for a planned August 30 liftoff with a classified national security satellite payload.Schedules call for the next Heavy mission to occur on October 28 to deploy a missile-launch detection satellite, called DSP-23, from Cape Canaveral. Collins said the fixes won't delay the launch plans."All in all, the Heavy demo mission was successful in providing a wealth of vehicle design, environment and performance validation data. We are now taking all our knowledge and understanding from this Demo mission and applying it as we prepare for our operational missions," Collins said."Straightforward fixes have been identified that will allow us to safely fly the Delta 4 fleet without risk of repeating the cavitation that led to premature engine shutdown," said Col. John Insprucker, Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle system program director."The team findings do not detract from the successes we experienced on the Delta 4 mission. We successfully checked out and launched a Heavy rocket from the Boeing launch pad that also saw its first Heavy flight. We successfully flew three liquid-propelled booster cores side-by-side and cleanly separated the strap ons. We successfully flew the upper stage through the long three-burn profile required of a geosynchronous mission. We successfully separated the Demosat satellite."The ability of the Delta 4 to fly an end-to-end mission, despite the premature engine shutdown, made this an exemplary test flight," Insprucker said.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:SPACEFLIGHT NOW LAUNCH PAD CAMERA 1 VIDEO:SPACEFLIGHT NOW LAUNCH PAD CAMERA 2 VIDEO:FROM LIFTOFF TO BOOSTER SEPARATION VIDEO:THE DELTA 4-HEAVY LAUNCH (SHORT VERSION) VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA RECORDS LAUNCH VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA SEES BOOSTER SEPARATION VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA CAPTURES FAIRING JETTISON AUDIO:LISTEN TO THE 68-MINUTE PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:ANIMATION PROVIDES PREVIEW OF A DELTA 4-HEAVY LAUNCH VIDEO:RE-LIVE THE INAUGURAL DELTA 4 LAUNCH FROM 2002 VIDEO:ON-PAD FLIGHT READINESS ENGINE FIRING TEST VIDEO:TAKE TOUR OF LAUNCH PAD 37B Apollo 11 special patchSpecial collectors' patch marking the 35th anniversary of the historic Apollo 11 moon landing is now available.Choose your store: - - - Inside Apollo mission controlAn insider's view of how Apollo flight controllers operated and just what they faced when events were crucial. Choose your store: The ultimate Apollo 11 DVD This exceptional chronicle of the historic Apollo 11 lunar landing mission features new digital transfers of film and television coverage unmatched by any other.Choose your store: - - - Next ISS crewOwn a little piece of history with this official patch for the International Space Station's Expedition 11 crew. We'll ship yours today!Choose your store: New StationCrew PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The Expedition 38 embroidered crew patch for the International Space Station is now available in our store!Gemini 12Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program's efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - Gemini 7Gemini 7: The NASA Mission Reports covers this 14-day mission by Borman and Lovell as they demonstrated some of the more essential facts of space flight. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: - - - Apollo patchesThe Apollo Patch Collection: Includes all 12 Apollo mission patches plus the Apollo Program Patch. Save over 20% off the Individual price.Choose your store: - - - Mars Rover mission patchA mission patch featuring NASA's Mars Exploration Rover is available from our online.Choose your store: - - - Apollo 9 DVDOn the road to the moon, the mission of Apollo 9 stands as an important gateway in experience and procedures. This 2-DVD collection presents the crucial mission on the voyage to the moon. Choose your store: - - - | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.From the Earth to the Moon: GRAIL spacecraft blast off BY WILLIAM HARWOOD

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: January 9, 2014 Delayed one day by cold weather and another day by concern about space radiation, an Orbital Sciences Corp. Antares rocket carrying a commercially developed cargo ship blasted off Thursday and climbed into orbit, kicking off the company's first operational flight to deliver supplies and equipment to the International Space Station. Credit: Stephen Clark/Spaceflight NowFilling the void left by the space shuttle's retirement in 2011, the flight was the first of seven commercial resupply missions planned for 2014, three by Orbital's Antares/Cygnus vehicle and four by SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets and Dragon cargo craft."We're posturing ourselves to hit our stride with all of our new commercial cargo vehicles in the 2014 time period," said Dan Hartman, NASA's deputy space station program manager at the Johnson Space Center in Houston."Orb-1 will be the first, we'll get into some SpaceX, and basically kind of alternate back and forth between Orbital and SpaceX throughout the year. So we're really looking to hit our stride in 2014 to meet our (resupply) needs."The two-stage 130-foot-tall Antares rocket, equipped with modified first-stage engines left over from the Soviet moon program, roared to life at 1:07:05 p.m. EST (GMT-5) and quickly lifted off from the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport, climbing away atop a torrent of fiery exhaust as Earth's rotation carried the pad into the plane of the space station's orbit.Accelerating smoothly as it consumed its first stage load of liquid oxygen and RP-1 kerosene rocket fuel, the Antares tilted over and streaked away through a clear blue sky above the Atlantic Ocean along a southeasterly trajectory.Ten minutes later, the Cygnus cargo ship was released from the Antares second stage into an initial orbit with a high point of around 185 miles and a low point of about 130 miles. A few moments after that, the spacecraft's two solar arrays began unfolding as planned.If all goes well, Cygnus will approach the lab complex from behind and below, pulling up to within about 30 feet early Sunday as the two spacecraft sail 260 miles above southern Saskatchewan. Astronaut Mike Hopkins, operating the station's robot arm, plans to lock onto a grapple fixture around 6:02 a.m. and pull the ship in for berthing at the Earth-facing port of the forward Harmony module.The solar-powered cargo craft is packed with 3,220 pounds of research equipment, spare parts and crew supplies, including 23 experiments involving more than 8,600 elementary, junior high and high school students in the United States and Canada. The experiments "address life sciences topics ranging from vaccine effectiveness and amoeba reproduction to calcium loss in bones and liquid behavior in space," Orbital said in a news release.Other experiments include an "ants in space" payload to study behavioral differences between ants in normal gravity and those in the weightless environment of space; an investigation to study how materials burn in space; and a project called "Story Time in Space" that will feature crew members videotaping themselves reading children's books and demonstrating various science and technology concepts.Also on board: 33 small "cubesat" satellites, fresh food and a few holiday gifts for the station's six-man crew.Launch originally was planned for mid-December, but NASA ordered a delay when trouble with a coolant pump module aboard the station prompted managers to order a pair of spacewalks to install a spare.The repair work was successful, and after waiting for the station's orbit to carry the lab back into a period of more moderate solar heating, NASA gave Orbital Sciences permission to proceed with the Orb-1 launch Wednesday.But concern about space radiation in the wake of a major solar flare earlier this week prompted Orbital managers to order a delay pending additional analysis to make sure high-energy particles blasted away from the sun would not cause problems for the rocket's sensitive avoionics systems.Late Wednesday, mission managers concluded the rocket could safely fly and engineers prepared the rocket for launch Thursday."This will be the first of three contracted cargo delivery missions for us this year," Frank Culbertson, a former space shuttle commander and executive vice president of Orbital Sciences, said earlier this week. "We plan to also launch one in May and another in October if the schedule holds. At the end of the year, we will have delivered approximately 5,500 kilograms (12,125 pounds) of cargo to the space station commercially."Following the Bush administration's 2004 decision to retire the space shuttle, NASA kicked off a program to develop commercially operated unmanned cargo ships to replace the lost payload capability of the manned orbiter.Orbital eventually won a $1.9 billion contract to launch at least eight station resupply flights to deliver about 40,000 pounds of cargo and supplies. SpaceX holds a $1.6 billion contract for 12 flights to deliver more than 44,000 pounds of equipment. Two of those missions have been completed and a third is on tap in late February.Both companies held separate contracts to help pay for initial development and test flights.Orbital developed the Antares rocket and launched a Cygnus test flight last September. While the first Cygnus completed a successful rendezvous with the space station, it only carried a limited number of low-priority items. This time around, there were no restrictions and the spacecraft was packed to near capacity."If there was a critical need, we put it on there," Hartman said.Orbital's Antares mission follows a successful flight Monday by an upgraded version of SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket launched from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida. It was the California company's second flight in a row using a Falcon 9 variant to launch a commercial communications satellite.While SpaceX could be viewed as a major competitor, Culbertson offered his congratulations and pointed out that the Falcon 9 rocket launched Monday carried a satellite built by Orbital Sciences."All of us at Orbital believe in developing the capability to fly payloads, spacecraft and rockets into space on a commercial basis," Culbertson said. "We support government customers, private customers and now we're supporting the International Space Station and its research. We intend to continue growing that business as do other companies."A thriving commercial launch industry will support scientific research by making it "more readily accessible to people on Earth because they can participate in what's going on in space," he said."It also means the space station will continue to grow in relevance and productivity, which will allow us to have a future for human spaceflight in this country and a future for our children to go into space to explore. If we keep the space station going, we will have that future. So it's important that we do that."Like SpaceX, Orbital is working on upgrades that will enable the Antares rocket to carry heavier payloads. And like SpaceX, Orbital hopes to sell its booster to a variety of customers."By the fourth (station resupply) mission we'll have an upgraded version that will fly more payload," Culbertson said. "We're also looking long range at what the configuration of the Antares will be, both from an engine standpoint and from an upper stage standpoint."So we've got plans in work ... and we are negotiating with people for other payloads besides the Cygnus spacecraft and intend to fly more than just cargo out of Wallops here. So we do have big plans."John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. 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